Daly Conservation

I just watched (around 3 times) the trailer for the new documentary about the move of the Barnes Collection, The Art of the Steal.  It is a beautiful trailer, and it appears to be a very well-done movie about the art and the politics involved in the moving of the collection from Merion, PA to downtown Philadelphia.

I have been following the controversy of the move for a while, beginning with the architectural issues involved in moving the collection into a new building.  The architect Robert Venturi spoke out against the seperation of the the art from the buidling that was purpose-built to hold it.  He also points out that when the art is moved to Philadelphia the ticket sales will be taxed with the Philadelphia  “culture tax“.   It is clear there are many forces at work in the moving of this collection, worth $25 billion, and it is an interesting look at the commodification of culture.

The final version of my paper on HVAC shut downs has been written, edited, and turned-in to my advisor Dr. Joelle Wickens.  It will live in the files at Winterthur, and hopefully I will find a forum where I can talk about my findings with other interested conservators or building managers.  This project has made me more aware of groups like the International Facilities Management Association (IFMA) who may be interested in energy saving practices from a art conservation point of view.  Following is my project summary:

This study investigates how the environmental parameters required by a collection can be met using sustainable practices.
To save both energy and money it is possible to turn off Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. If the systems are turned off when the buildings are unoccupied it is more likely the conditions in the buildings will remain stable. By turning off HVAC systems for short periods of time, the systems can be run in a more sustainable way as there will be less wear on  motors and fans.  The project researched the practice of these short shut-downs, and included a three-day HVAC shut down test at Winterthur.

Winterthur is a historic house that has 175 period rooms with various materials including: furniture, decorative arts, works of art on paper, books, paintings on wood and canvas, leather, basketry, glass, metals, and textiles. The building has thick masonry walls, insulation, and double pane windows.  The HVAC was installed in the 1960’s. The parameters at Winterthur in the winter are: 68°F-72°F, Relative Humidity (RH) 40% +/- 5%; in the summer the parameters are: 72-75°F, RH 50% +/- 5%. These parameters are a conservative standard for the materials in this collection.
A mild week in September was chosen for the shutdown, as the outside conditions would be similar to the collection parameters. During the 12-hour shutdown it was decided (by Bruno Pouliot) that if there were trends in the temperature and humidity moving quickly away from the parameters the systems would be turned back on.  Monitoring was done in a thorough and
systematic way, with readings taken by: building thermostats, thirteen dataloggers, and the building engineers took readings every two hours with a hand-held hygrothermograph.

The shutdown was for 12-hours, the entire system was turned off from 6:00 PM until 6:00 AM, three nights were tested.   The building temperature and RH remained within the parameters and the systems did not have to be turned on to regulate the environment.

There were fluctuations, the overall trend was that temperatures were elevated a few degrees, and the RH was elevated a few percentages.  The elevated temperature and RH is noticeable in the data charts, but when the data is examined in long time the changes during the shutdown are similar in degree to other general environmental fluctuations.

Interviews with conservators, archivists, and building managers gave insight into similar practices that will or have been taken at other institutions. These professionals described their experiences shutting down systems for days, weeks, or a season in a variety of climates spanning the United States.  They spoke positively about their experiences, the environment in their collections remained stable or improved and they saved energy and funds, in some cases thousands of dollars were saved. Data was also collected about system setbacks, and the buffering ability of buildings with no environmental control. The success of these conservators and of the Winterthur test case may indicate to other museums the possibility of using similar methods to save energy and funds while maintaining the environmental parameters required by their collection.
This research may continue as I move on to my third-year internship, and I will definitely continue to study sustainable facilities management as I find time and support for my research.

ABOVE: The Main house on Ossabaw Island, a 1928 Spanish Revival house.

We had a visit from Patty Silence and Matt Webster from Colonial Williamsburg.  They arrived on Friday and stayed Saturday and Sunday, returning on Monday with me, dropping me off at the airport in Savannah.

It was really great to have them there, they both have a wealth of knowledge and practical experience that was invaluable to the project.  They met with representatives from the Ossabaw Island Foundation today.

Matt gave a tour and description of the Tabby houses.  He did a bit of forensic archaeology, showing us parts of the houses that were original and pieces that were added later.  There have been numerous repairs to the materials and he encouraged the foundation representatives to do future repairs with materials on site, using oyster shells and calcining the shells in a lime rick to create quicklime for more  tabby material.  He pointed out that this would save them from buying quicklime which is expensive, and it would be a great context and educational tool for the site.

The CW contingent were all really great at talking about context and this is something I personally found really interesting.  I have most often worked in museums where the context is usually painted on the walls or installed into the spaces, but to talk about your reenactor who has been playing Thomas Jefferson for years and years is an entirely different kind of experience.  It is something I wish I had more time to learn about.

Patty’s advice about the practical work of housekeeping included tips about using lambs wool dusters (they are susceptible to carpet beetle infestations, watch out for shedding!) and other tips and products recommendations, the need for body fluid pick-up kits when cleaning up vomit because of blood born pathogens is something else that is vital to a housekeeping manual, especially if there will be a number of people in the space.

We have compiled a “Oh, Shit!” list of helpful advice and mini-treatments for the occasional spilled glass of red wine, chocolate, water, or the knocking off the wall of a painting or framed print.  This list has been compiled with information and facts from The National Trust Manual of Housekeeping, a vital book for any project like this, but something you’ll definitely want to check in your luggage as it is 900+ pages.  It costs around $150 as well, luckily I have funding from the Leo and Karen Gutmann Foundation specifically to buy books so I brought along a copy for the group.  Perhaps in my next post I will discuss more about what I brought that was helpful (both books were very good) and what could have been left at home (tape measures were never used as this was not a survey project). Two pairs of blue jeans and long socks were of course indispensable.

Today was the first day to try out our housekeeping skills at the main house on Ossabaw Island.  It was really great to have a da

y of hands-on activity as I had been spending a lot of time in my head.  I am also thinking a lot about wrappin

g up this project as I am leaving on Monday, which is only a few days away.  We have a beach planned for Sunday, and then I am leaving the next day so Saturday will be my last real day of physical work.

Housekeeping is hard, grimey work, especialy as I decided to clean the hearth in the room first and I had Maggie and Ari to help me which was great.  Maggie was great at removing the buckets of ashes from the fireplace and then poultice cleaning of glass baubles that had been set on the mantle.

Ari cleaned the fireplace stones to remove soot, using dampened sponges and detergent.    She and I also cleaned windows, firescreens, and glass.

I have been really impressed with Ari and Maggie as they have identified insects, cleaned sooty fireplaces, and had the energy to cook dinner in the evenings for their “cook night”.  They both made sugar cookies last night which were very tasty, especially considering there are no measuring cups at the house.

Ben has been fearless cleaning the wainscoting with a duster, taking care to cover paintings and curtains to prevent pushing dust onto these items.

Now we’ve begun the emergency planning portion.  Today was raining and last night was a huge thunderstorm, so it was appropriate that we stayed inside and planned for disasters like fires, floods, and hurricanes.  We’ve settled on a few good recommendations for the plan.  Most of the information was available online including: a shopping list for a disaster, a mutual aid agreement to involve other local institutions, and other information I found on the NCPTT disaster response section of their website. At the beginning most decisions were made by the group, sitting around and discussing every aspect.  This was a great way to write descriptions and conditions of each room in the house, and to discuss housekeeping plans, but for a disaster plan this was too unfocused and most plans can be based on a template.

Then the topics involved in the plan were divided amongst us and we began to write individual sections with the understanding that we would go over everything together to give more sense of continuity.   Most of the write-up for the portion I am writing, about disaster prep, came from the Winterthur emergency management handbook that I photocopied before I left school to come to Ossabaw.  It is a very useful handbook as the wording is short and clear, and I found that bulleted lists seem more logical and quick in an emergency situation.  I am trying not to write too much that would not be useful in an emergency, as leafing through pages and pages could be something everyone doesn’t have the patience to do.

I hope it will be useful.

Today was a tour of the island to get a sense of the history of the place. Ossabaw is one of numerous barrier islands to the east of Georgia, Ossabaw is located around 7 miles by water south of Savannah.  There are many parts of the island geologically, the sandy beaches along the east end of the island are the youngest portion while the center of the island and the marshes to the west are considerably older.

Early evidence of human settlements on the island date from 2,000 B.C. in the form of small seasonal villages and oyster shell middens.  Over the next millenia there were a few other scattered settlements on the island, and for 500 years there was a large community located at the middle place on the island.  These people were probably the Guale, and they still inhabited the island when the Spanish arrived in the early 1500’s.  An excavation was led in the 1890’s by Clarence Moore who excavated the mounds on the island and wrote a book Certain Aborigional Mounds of the Georgia Coast.

I was impressed that the archaeologist could find the burial mounds, when walking through the place I could not see what they must have seen, it appears as a slight elevation in the overall landscape.  Luckily, Kristin  O’Connell is archaeologist by training and she could explain more of the archaeology practices to me. She also pointed out a piece of archaeological glass that had was made with magnesium or possible solarized which would have then turned a clear glass to a more of a purple color, I examined the glass and then returned it.

The other interesting archaeological feature I saw on the island were a series of slave cabins made with Tabby walls. There is no natural stone on the island, so tabby was made with equal proportions of homemade lime, sand, oyster shells, and water.  After the introduction of Portland cement in the 1870’s, the tabby recipe was modified to include cement and substitute pre-made bag lime for homemade lime. In this building it can be seen that oyster shells and other debris, pre-historic pottery and a animal’s jaw bone, were added to the wall to give more substance to the wall.

TABBY WALL

The tour continued to Middle Place where we saw the site of the Genesis Project, and where David lived for two years while he was the director of the Genesis Project.  We toured an abandoned kitchen under a beautiful, huge oak tree.  David has encouraged all of the crew to watch the movie Sherman’s March to see and understand more about the daily life of the people who were participating in that project. I have spoken with Arial and Maggie about meeting up again in Delaware and having a movie night.

Throughout the walk about the island I thought about historic landscapes and how Ossabaw offers an opportunity for the art conservator and the environmental conservator to work together to conserve the unique environment of the island.  Ossabaw has one of the oldest continually used dirt roads in the United States, and there are marshes, grasslands, forests of pine and oak trees, and of course the beaches that together are the history of the island.

References:

Foskey, A. Ossabaw Island. from the Images of America Series.

Wikipedia authors. Ossabaw Island. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossabaw_Island

The features of Tabby walls. http://www.thehenryford.org/research/caring/tabby.aspx#features

The Cultural Landscape Foundation http://tclf.org/stewards/bennett-konesni

I have begun a two-week conservation project on Ossabaw Island, Georgia.  The project involves a team of conservators, conservation students, and conservation interns who will assess the condition of the main house on the island and give recommendations for future care of the collection and housekeeping.

The project began on January 16th, when I flew from Delaware to Jacksonville, Florida where I first met three of the other crew members.  I already knew the project coordinator, David Bayne, from a meeting over the summer at Shelburne Museum in Vermont. David became involved with the Island in the 1970’s as a director of ‘The Genesis Project’ which was a cooperative, sustainable community on the Island that operated with no electricity or running water.  I was curious as to what facilities would be available when I arrived on the island, would I have hot water? It’s January, I think it is a legitimate concern.

At the Jacksonville Airport I met Abby Zoldowski, Ben Carver, and Kristin O’Connell and we continued on to Savannah to meet the other half of our group, Arial Hausman and Maggie Bearden both in the University of Delaware undergraduate program in art conservation.

After introductions the group all drove through a Savannah rain shower to the studio of Greg Guenther, a furniture conservator and maker.  He gave a great tour of his studio space in a historic building where he was working on a variety of projects.  We were all impressed at the table Jason Thackeray, a furniture designer and maker, was in the process of finishing.  His neighbor, Michael T. O’Brien, a gilder, showed a project he was currently working on as well.

The next day we went to the store to buy provisions for the week (there are no stores on the Island) and set off on a 15-minute boat ride to Ossabaw Island. The Island is only accessible by boat and helicopter, and while the mainland is not very far away, once we arrived the sense of being far away from everything began to sink in and I felt incredibly relaxed.

I was recently awarded a Kreativ Blogger award from Daniel Cull.  I have followed Dan’s blog for a while, as it offers current events and amusing notes about museums, art conservation, and philosophy.  I was really interested in the award so I did a bit of research about the history of the award and I found a site “Husfruas Memoarer” that details the making of the award, it is actually made out of cut up fabric and ribbon, which is impressive as I thought it was computer-generated, but perhaps this is why it is called the Kreativ blogger.  Her site is in Norwegian.

The purpose of this award is to recognize bloggers in all fields that are particularly Creative.  The original rules for the award are that I should tell 4 things you may not know about me and then list 4 bloggers I admire and pass the award along to them.

1.  I am afraid of flying, it’s a fear that has lessened recently, but for a while I was the person on the plane quietly reaching for a rosary in her purse.

2.  I have worked in different capacities at numerous law firms, and before I went to grad school for art conservation I was seriously considering law school. . . I still might be.

3.  I won an award for photography my senior year in high school, and last year at the Ramble in Burlington, VT

4.  I made covers for the vents in the objects conservation lab at WUDPAC, they make me really happy every time I see them. 

Bloggers:

1. Ellen Carrlee Conservation:  http://ellencarrlee.wordpress.com/  - a great blog to go to for pratical conservation information about treatments and conferences.

2.  Cake Wrecks: http://cakewrecks.blogspot.com/ - It is definitely eye candy, and hilarious, the comments left about the cakes are good too.

3.  Building Blog: http://bldgblog.blogspot.com/ - This is the closest I’ve been to dancing about architecture.

4.  AIC Emerging Conservation Professionals Network: http://emergingconservator.blogspot.com/ - I love that this blog is open to guest bloggers and I genuinely admire the members of this group who are giving a voice to emerging conservators.

Portrait of an articulated skeleton on a bentwood chair,
originally uploaded by Powerhouse Museum Collection.

Here’s a quick blog post to catch up about the project and the strange and wonderful places it has taken me.  I got a huge response from conservators internationally from the posting to the OSG-l and the consdist list.  Since no one is an island, speaking to these conservators has been very helpful for me to realize that There is a great deal of interest in sustainable practices among conservators and collections managers.  I have conducted phone interviews with numerous people, including Sarah Brophey, the co-author of The Green Museum.

One of the more interesting discoveries from these interviews is the sense of responsibility that museum professionals feel toward sustainability.  The sentiments from the  Getty interview with Tim Padfield, Ernest Conrad, and Franciza Toledo demonstrates two sides of the issue that I found really intriguing. Whether sustainability is a moral or a pratical decision.  To me it is both, if the purpose of conservation is to ensure that cultural heritage is preserved, then you should also be working to preserve the environment as well.

I sincerely thank everyone who has contacted me about this project, whether it was to offer data, allow me to interview you about your practices, and especially to those who wrote me quick notes of encouragement or pointed me to someone else who could be helpful.  I have been incredibly impressed by the interest and support I received.

So, where is this project going?  With a 5,000 word limit and I have realized I have so much information that it will have to be more focused.  I will focus on the Winterthur HVAC shut-down test case, and the information I have from other conservators will be summarized in a more general way.

I have already thought about a Phase II for the project, possibly next year or further in the future to study more about what can be done without systems to maintain the correct collection environment.  I hope I will be able to attend the IIC Roundtable at the AIC 2010 meeting in Milwaukee about Guidelines for the Museum Environment. It will be exciting to see the authors of some of the papers I have been reading.

World’s Columbian Exposition: Liberal Arts Building, Chicago, United States, 1893.,
originally uploaded by Brooklyn Museum.

After some initial research and the making of a bibliography, I went on a bit of a tangent in my reading.  There are a number of discussions about buildings and how they should be built to be more energy efficient.  There are also general discussions about sustainability and climate change.  Being the daughter of an architect and the sister of a LEED certified architect, I was immediately drawn to the architecture discussions and enjoyed reading them.  Unfortunately, these articles weren’t covering shutting-down HVAC systems and I realized I should be more focused on: environmental parameters, effects of the environment on collections, then buildings.

The most innovative article I read this weekend was in the book Cultural Heritage Conservation and Environmental Impact Assessment: by non-destructive testing and micro-analysis, edited by Rene Van Grieken and Koen Janssens.  The article is “Effects of the cultural environment” by Peter Brimblecombe.  Brimblecombe seperates processes of deterioration, then the environmental factors that cause this deterioration.

Instead of thinking Light = Photo-degradation. Light being the environmental factor that causes the damage, photo-degradation being the damage.

He lists Photo-degradation = light, chemicals, humidity.  Photo-degradation is the damage, light, chemicals, and humidity are the environmental factors that cause the damage

Then he offers a damage function.  Photo-degradation’s damage function is a dose law, meaning the deterioration is more gradual and proportional to the dose (concentration and exposure time).

I appreciate the way he has switched to put the damage first, since the damage is what we want to solve. It is also helpful to have damage functions, the other main function is cyclic - eg. the number of freeze-thaw cycles before damage will occur, the number of times a book can be opened and closed before damage will occur.  Dose and cyclic functions can be limited by limiting access to a collection, therefore lowering the dose or cycles, but this would be understandably unpopular.

So, I press on with other readings, next on the list is Energy Conservation and Climate Control in Museums.   And one reading over the weekend led me to the National Museum Directors Conference in 2008 on the topic of Reviewing environmental conditions, which seems perfect.